Common Sense By Thomas Paine Summary - 802 Words

In his pamphlet, â€Å"Common Sense†, published anonymously in January 1776, Thomas Paine argues for the mandatory division from the British Crown in order to create a new united democratic republic of America instead. According to Paine, America no longer requires the British rule, which creates more problems than benefits. He states, that it is beneficial for the new republic’s economy to stop participating in the unnecessary wars with other countries, in which Britain performs. This forced participation affects American’s commercial relationships with other European countries. Paine’s main goal is commerce. Commercial and trading relationship would give a significant raise into the continent’s budget without British involvement.†¦show more content†¦Inglis claims, that Paine’s views on commercial disadvantages of being with Britain are the views of â€Å"brain-sick enthusiast† . He denies these enthusiastic views by rememb ering the past experiences of both countries. America has a good trading industry, mostly because of the Britain, which is defending America’s commerce: â€Å"By a connection with Great-Britain, our trade would still have the protection of the greatest naval power in the world† . He assured, that because Britain has the most powerful marine in the world, it would protect all America’s trade ships on the Atlantic route, and that protection â€Å"will not cost us a fiftieth part of what it must cost† if America will decide to create their own naval force. As for the British monarchy, Paine proved the heathen creation of kings by using the Scriptures. The Scripture’s quotation becomes a weapon for argumentation against him by Inglis. He definitely has more knowledge in the Scriptures, because the whole chapter is structured as a quotation of various apostles’ writings regarding the King’s power. By quoting apostle Peter, â€Å"Submit y ourselves to every ordinance of man, whether it be to the King, (-- removed HTML --) and not ufing your liberty for a cloak of maliciousness, but as the servants of God† , heShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine : Common Sense Summary987 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine – Common Sense Summary Of all the founding fathers in America’s history few have played a role equalling the paramount importance of Thomas Paine, and few have been so repeatedly overlooked. In ‘Common Sense’, published in 1776, Thomas Paine argues for American Independence. His argument begins with more general, theoretical reflections about government and society, and then progresses onto the specifics of the colonial situation. Paine uses the basic format of proposal and even afterRead MoreThomas Paine, an American Philosopher1267 Words   |  6 PagesAn American born philosopher, Thomas Paine, was a strong adherent for independence and was agnostic in the government. Born on January 29, 1737, Paine lived what we would now call a tough life (http://www.britannica.com). At a young age, Paine had to withdraw from school to help his father with work. He attempted many jobs such as a hunting smuggler and a collector of tobacco and liquor taxes (http://www.britannica.com). Paine failed a t those other jobs he tried and in 1774, moved to PhiladelphiaRead MoreCommon Sense And The Declaration Of Independence1517 Words   |  7 PagesCommon Sense and the Declaration of Independence are two very important documents in American history. Written by Thomas Paine, although not an official document, promotes thoughts that the citizens understood and needed, but did not know how to express their actions and ideas. The Declaration states the necessary reasons for independence in the colonies as well as the importance that their are equal rights. The Declaration announced to the world as a unanimous decision that the thirteen coloniesRead MoreThomas Paine And The Bill Of Rights880 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson and the Bill of Rights are three things that have some sort of connection. Thomas Paine and Thomas Jefferson both have documents. Their documents were both a result for the rule that Great Britain had over us. The Bill of Rights is also a piece whe re its writing had to do with a freedom type document written to let others feel free. Thomas Paine was one of the great supporters of the American Revolution. He was a journalist and used his utensils to get the public toRead MoreThomas Paine s Common Sense Essay813 Words   |  4 PagesThomas Paine began writing Common Sense in late 1775 under the working title of Plain Truth. With Benjamin Rush, who helped him edit it, publish it, and suggested the final title, Paine developed his ideas into a forty-eight page pamphlet. He published Common Sense anonymously because of its treasonable content. Rush recommended the printer Robert Bell, promising Paine that, where other printers might say no because of the content of the pamphlet, Bell would not hesitate nor delay its printing. PaineRead MoreCommon Sense1686 Words   |  7 PagesBrief biography Thomas Paine’s life started in January 29, 1737 in the town of Thetford, County Norfolk. Joseph Paine and Frances Cocke were the parents of Thomas Paine and they both wanted him to become something in a higher profession other than to follow his father’s trade. With this intention, his parents made a sacrifice to enrolled Paine into the local grammar school at the age of six in hopes of him becoming a lawyer or a doctor but unfortunately, Paine dropped out of school later on inRead MoreThe British And Indian War1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe mid-1700’s, British American Colonists were questioning their place under the British crown. The Colonists were proud to be part of the British Empire, especially after the recent victories of the French and Indian war, which gave the colonist a sense of pride and patriotism. However, British Parliament began to pass legislation that had laid a burden on the Colonists, as well as oppression. The Colonists began to question th e power of the Crown, whether the idea of a Monarchy was a primitive styleRead MoreEssay about Paine and Burke1644 Words   |  7 PagesHOBBES AND LOCKE OR PAINE AND BURKE DIFFER. This essay will examine the philosophical difference between Edmund Burke and Thomas Paine relating to the French and American Revolutions at the late Eighteenth Century. We are going to present a summary of the debate between these two different philosophers in the first part of this essay. The pros and cons of each man will be looked at in the second and third part of the essay and the final part of this essay will explain why Thomas Paines view wasRead MoreThomas Paine : A Very Curious Individual1664 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Paine (1737-1809) was a very curious individual. An Englishman who became a champion of the rights of man and free humanity around the globe, he is generally regarded as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, irrespective of the fact that he held no political office and seems to have been somewhat glossed over (if not altogether ignored) by many of the ‘confirmed’ Founders. John Adams, for instance, is said to have pooh-poohed the w ritings of the troublesome Paine, even growingRead MoreThe United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesKentucky - Daniel Boone occupied newly independent areas of KY Thomas Paine’s ‘â€Å"Common Sense† written by Thomas Paine in January 1776 accused King George III of his countless wrongdoings Urged America to declare independence his writing was written in July of 1776, same year the Declaration of Independence was written - not a coincidence, Common Sense inspired it Independence Declared - Declaration of Independence - inspired by Common Sense and the Enlightenment Jefferson and other writers wrote about

6 Butterflies You Can Find in the Winter

Interdependence Cellular Respiration and Pic Free Essays

INTERDEPENDENCE IN NATURE Many of the relationships between organisms in nature are those of dependence. Whether it be a deer breathing oxygen produced by a nearby tree or a tick sucking the blood of its unsuspecting host, every organism depends on another organism in some way. [pic] Molecules and Cells †¢ Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration [pic]Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs convert solar energy into the chemical bond energy of glucose (C6H12O6). We will write a custom essay sample on Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic or any similar topic only for you Order Now CO2 + 12H2O + solar energy ——- C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 [pic]Cellular respiration is the process by which autotrophs and heterotrophs convert the chemical bond energy of glucose into the usable bond energy of ATP. Aerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——- 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP Anaerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 ——- 2 EtOH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP (Alcoholic Fermentation) C6H12O6 ——- 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP (Lactic Acid Fermentation) The oxygen by-product of photosynthesis is used in aerobic cellular respiration by all aerobic organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released following aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation (one form of anaerobic cellular respiration) and is then used by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Thus, these are reciprocal processes. Glucose is produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs break down the glucose to form ATP during cellular respiration. Energy, therefore, is transferred between the autotrophic and heterotrophic levels. Autotrophs are dependent upon heterotrophs only for CO2. All heterotrophs are dependent, either directly or indirectly, on autotrophs for energy, but only aerobic heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for oxygen (O2. ) [pic] †¢ Enzymes and Substrates [pic]The rate at which a reaction occurs is dependent upon the concentration and/or volume of enzymes and the concentration and/or volume of substrates. †¢ Water [pic]Every organism in nature is dependent on water for survival because all chemical reactions take place in water. [pic] Heredity and Evolution †¢ Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations pic]In mosses, the sporophyte grows directly out of and becomes nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. †¢ Flowers and Their Pollinators [pic]Flowers depend upon pollinators for the success of their reproductive cycles and insects depend upon flowers for nectar. †¢ Phenotypes [pic]The characteristics of an organism are determined both by the combination of its genes as well as the organism’s environment. (multif actorial inheritance) [pic] Organisms and Populations †¢ Symbiotic Relationships [pic]Symbiosis is any relationship between individuals of two different species. There are several types of symbiotic relationships: ? Cooperation – both individuals benefit, but are independent of each other ex: oxtail birds and gnus The gnu is covered with tiny parasites that provide the bird with food and in return, the oxtail bird keeps the gnu free of parasites. ? Mutualism – both individuals benefit and are dependent upon one another ex: lichen = alga and fungus The alga performs photosynthesis and the fungus absorbs water and minerals as well as provides anchorage. Commensalism – one indvidual benefits and the other is unaffected ex: barnacles attach themselves to marine mammals such as manatees and whales [pic][pic] The marine mammals provide a moving substrate on which the barnacles may attach while the mammals remain unaffected. ? Amensalism – one individual is harmed and the other is unaffected ex: Spanish moss Spanish moss grows on trees and chokes out virtually all light going to the tree. While the Spanish moss remains unaffected, the tree does not receive enough light to perform an adequate amount of photosynthesis to survive. ? Competition – both individuals are harmed ex: rabbit and a mouse [pic][pic] The rabbit and the mouse compete for the same herbaceous plants. ? Predation – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: coyotes preying on rabbits ? Parasitism – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: a leech sucking the blood of its human host †¢ Pollution pic]With the increasing industrialization of the world, comes much pollution. Fossil fuel burning has released tremendous amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. This excess of CO2 in the atmosphere traps solar energy in the form of heat. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect. In addition, deforestation of the tropical rainforests has decreased the sink for CO2, thus augmenting the situation. The subsequent increase in atmospheric temperature is known as global wa rming. [pic]Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are produced almost exclusively by human activities. The combination of these compounds with water vapor in the air, creates acid. Acid rain has far-reaching effects on all aspects of life. Not only does acid rain severely damage the leaves of plants, but it also changes the pH of bodies of water. Such drastic changes gravely affect life. [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic] About This Site ; Library ; FAQ ; 7,000+ sites by kids for kids [pic] Privacy Policy Terms of Use [pic][pic] How to cite Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic, Essay examples

Interdependence Cellular Respiration and Pic Free Essays

INTERDEPENDENCE IN NATURE Many of the relationships between organisms in nature are those of dependence. Whether it be a deer breathing oxygen produced by a nearby tree or a tick sucking the blood of its unsuspecting host, every organism depends on another organism in some way. [pic] Molecules and Cells †¢ Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration [pic]Photosynthesis is the process by which autotrophs convert solar energy into the chemical bond energy of glucose (C6H12O6). We will write a custom essay sample on Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic or any similar topic only for you Order Now CO2 + 12H2O + solar energy ——- C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2 [pic]Cellular respiration is the process by which autotrophs and heterotrophs convert the chemical bond energy of glucose into the usable bond energy of ATP. Aerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——- 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP Anaerobic Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 ——- 2 EtOH + 2CO2 + 2 ATP (Alcoholic Fermentation) C6H12O6 ——- 2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP (Lactic Acid Fermentation) The oxygen by-product of photosynthesis is used in aerobic cellular respiration by all aerobic organisms. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released following aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation (one form of anaerobic cellular respiration) and is then used by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Thus, these are reciprocal processes. Glucose is produced by autotrophs during photosynthesis. Both autotrophs and heterotrophs break down the glucose to form ATP during cellular respiration. Energy, therefore, is transferred between the autotrophic and heterotrophic levels. Autotrophs are dependent upon heterotrophs only for CO2. All heterotrophs are dependent, either directly or indirectly, on autotrophs for energy, but only aerobic heterotrophs are dependent on autotrophs for oxygen (O2. ) [pic] †¢ Enzymes and Substrates [pic]The rate at which a reaction occurs is dependent upon the concentration and/or volume of enzymes and the concentration and/or volume of substrates. †¢ Water [pic]Every organism in nature is dependent on water for survival because all chemical reactions take place in water. [pic] Heredity and Evolution †¢ Sporophyte and Gametophyte Generations pic]In mosses, the sporophyte grows directly out of and becomes nutritionally dependent on the gametophyte. †¢ Flowers and Their Pollinators [pic]Flowers depend upon pollinators for the success of their reproductive cycles and insects depend upon flowers for nectar. †¢ Phenotypes [pic]The characteristics of an organism are determined both by the combination of its genes as well as the organism’s environment. (multif actorial inheritance) [pic] Organisms and Populations †¢ Symbiotic Relationships [pic]Symbiosis is any relationship between individuals of two different species. There are several types of symbiotic relationships: ? Cooperation – both individuals benefit, but are independent of each other ex: oxtail birds and gnus The gnu is covered with tiny parasites that provide the bird with food and in return, the oxtail bird keeps the gnu free of parasites. ? Mutualism – both individuals benefit and are dependent upon one another ex: lichen = alga and fungus The alga performs photosynthesis and the fungus absorbs water and minerals as well as provides anchorage. Commensalism – one indvidual benefits and the other is unaffected ex: barnacles attach themselves to marine mammals such as manatees and whales [pic][pic] The marine mammals provide a moving substrate on which the barnacles may attach while the mammals remain unaffected. ? Amensalism – one individual is harmed and the other is unaffected ex: Spanish moss Spanish moss grows on trees and chokes out virtually all light going to the tree. While the Spanish moss remains unaffected, the tree does not receive enough light to perform an adequate amount of photosynthesis to survive. ? Competition – both individuals are harmed ex: rabbit and a mouse [pic][pic] The rabbit and the mouse compete for the same herbaceous plants. ? Predation – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: coyotes preying on rabbits ? Parasitism – one individual benefits and the other is harmed ex: a leech sucking the blood of its human host †¢ Pollution pic]With the increasing industrialization of the world, comes much pollution. Fossil fuel burning has released tremendous amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere. This excess of CO2 in the atmosphere traps solar energy in the form of heat. This effect is called the Greenhouse Effect. In addition, deforestation of the tropical rainforests has decreased the sink for CO2, thus augmenting the situation. The subsequent increase in atmospheric temperature is known as global wa rming. [pic]Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are produced almost exclusively by human activities. The combination of these compounds with water vapor in the air, creates acid. Acid rain has far-reaching effects on all aspects of life. Not only does acid rain severely damage the leaves of plants, but it also changes the pH of bodies of water. Such drastic changes gravely affect life. [pic] [pic] [pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic][pic][pic] [pic][pic] About This Site ; Library ; FAQ ; 7,000+ sites by kids for kids [pic] Privacy Policy Terms of Use [pic][pic] How to cite Interdependence: Cellular Respiration and Pic, Essay examples

Coopers Brewery Limited and KTS Limited †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Coopers Brewery Limited and KTS Limited. Answer: Introduction: It was ruled by the court that in order to decipher and state the appropriate powers of a company, it is necessary that the its constitution is understood and examined first, as presented in the Lion Nathan Australia Pty Ltd v Coopers Brewery Limited (2006) 59 ACSR 444 case. The decision of the court was based on the section 125 of the Companys Act 2001 and to see whether there are any foreign scopes that bind the companys constitution. The companys legal capabilities that help the organization and guide it with its transactional duties and dealings are mentioned in the Section 124 of Companys Act 2001. As a separate legal entity, the law empowers the company to get into transactions on its own. It is mentioned in the Section 125 of Companys Act 2001 that even if the companys constitution doesnt mention any clause that supports transaction, the company can, by all rights get itself to engage in any valid transactions whatsoever. It was stated by the judges that any outside entity who is willing to engage in any activity with the company can hold the presumption that the companys constitution supports transactions and has the authority to it, as stated in the Royal British v Bank v Turquand(1856)119 ER 886 case. The Section 126 of the act states that any entity who works in behalf of the organization has the right to commit to and deal with any necessary transactions that may prevail, even if the companys insignia or its official seal are not used in the said event. It was seen and judged In the Northside Developments Pty Ltd v Registrar-General (1990) 170 CLR 146 case, that of in any case the supposed presumptions held by a person are incorrect and they are aware of that fact, then the assumption cannot be used while the transactions are undergone by the authorities. It is in the Section 128 that a third parson entity has the right to hold presumptions about the company and its rules. Another section; that is the Section 129 makes it clear that when a third person is to assume something about the organisation; the organisation in no way can claim that the said assumption is invalid. A person can also provide assumptions while transacting with a different entity who claims to have claimed the property or the name of the company either directly from the organization, or indirectly. Even is such a case, the company or any other entity cannot lodge a case claiming that the certain assumption is invalid, this goes to that the act stays strong even if the certain entity has engaged itself to fraud or has accomplished a certain transaction with fraudulent tendencies., the assumptions made in those cases will be valid as well. But, as discussed above, if the entity was aware or had had suspicions that the assumptions are wrong; they can never rely on bot h the sections stated. It was ruled by the court that any person, after transacting or dealing with an organisation, is empowered to hold more than a single assumption about the said company in the Brick and Pipe Industries Ltd v Occidental Life Nominees (1992) 10 ACLC case. The same rules were applied in the Advance Bank Australia v Fleetwood Star Pty Ltd (1992) 10 ACLC 703 case. The Section 129 also implores upon the fact that the said person has the right to assume that during a said transaction, the company has rightfully applied all the rules and regulations, replaceable or not. Not only that, the person can assume via any information given to it by ASIC that the entity transacting with the person and is shown in public has the position of a director or an officer and can perform actions of authority and hold power. It can also be assumed by that person that the company officials are doing their work properly and lawfully. The said entity can also assume that all the documentations are properly treated with by the company if a certain document is apprehended and not signed as in the Section 127(1). Same can be said for the assumptions of a person when assuming the entity who signed the document is a director of the Organisation. John and Mary, who are the stockowners and members of the directorial board of the organisation named Kakadu Tourism Services Pty Ltd (KTS) are said to have been married. They were mentioned to have been occupying a domicile possessed by the said tourism company, until John was forced to move out and only Mary was left as the sole occupant of the property, resulting from their marital split. It is clearly mentioned that Mary had played no significant role in the working of the organization whatsoever. A car finance company had provided a loan for the purchase of a $80000 sports car by John and set conditions that the mortgage will be extracted on the property of the office that is in-fact, owned by the tourism company, KTS. Respecting the conditions provided by the Section 125 of the Companys Act, the act was said to be legal, even though said company, KTS is supposed to be a tourism company and not a leas provider. Hence, the following transactions are not being held illegal. It was clearly stated in the Section 126 that any entity who is in a position of power or represents a company in a way or the other is empowered to take control or start any new transactions in the name of the Organization, no matter what they are. Since, John is supposed to be the directorial board of KTS, he has the right to perform transactions in the name of the organization, and hence the purchase of the car cannot be denied or called illegal by KTS limited. Though the said care is claimed to have been the property of John, him being the director gives him the ability to issue transactions for the company, hence the lease company has is empowered to extract its mortgage from KTSs office and assets. It was further seen that $200000 were borrowed by John from the Easy Loan Bank in order to mortgage the domicile which was occupied by them without letting his wife know about this particular deal. It is clear that John is a director and stated that his biological son, Michael is secretary of KTS ltd., hence, as stated in the section 127, of the companys act, any transactions signed and witnessed by any company official or its directorial board is finalized legally and can formulate any documents that are needed. It was mentioned by him to the manager that his wife Mary had given her resignation from her post as the secretary and was taken over by his son Michael. This was done without the consent of the directorial board of the KTS Ltd. As given in the said Constitution. It has been mentioned in the Section 129 of the act that a third person engaging themselves with a transaction can think that the following transactions are done under the approval of the companys replaceable rules and regulations and are done in all legality. It was also clearly stated in the Section 127(1) that it can be assumed by the third person that the said documents provided to them are signed and approved by officials or the directorial board of the company. Hence, it can be assumed by the Bank that all the actions taken by John were done in all legality and John being a director had approved of all of them. It is also stated that if a said entity claims to be a member an official board of the company, the other party can unknowingly assume its true. It has been clearly stated in the Section 129 (6) that if a person is aware of the fact that their assumptions may be wrong, then the section 129 is invalid. In this case, the Bank made no such inquiries with the ASIC to confirm the fact of Marys resignation and Michaels replacing her and neither were any documents available, neither did the Bank make any enquiries with the directorial board or other officials of the company about the legality of the said transactions. Hence, it can be said that the financial institution has no right to assume and section 129 is invalid in their case. Conclusion The car lease deal that was made with KTS by John is legal and is binding. The bank though, cannot assume, as per the Section 129 of the CA. References Advance Bank Australia v Fleetwood Star Pty Ltd (1992) 10 ACLC 703. Brick and Pipe Industries Ltd v Occidental Life Nominees (1992) 10 ACLC Corporation Act 2001 (Cth) Lion Nathan Australia Pty Ltd v Coopers Brewery Limited (2006) 59 ACSR 444 Northside Developments Pty Ltd v Registrar-General (1990) 170 CLR 146 Royal British v Bank v Turquand(1856)119 ER 886